Posts on Understanding Science

What Is the AMOC? Picture a giant conveyor belt — like the ones at a grocery store checkout — but instead of groceries, it's moving billions of gallons of ocean water all around the planet. That's basically what the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, or AMOC (say it like "AY-mock"), does. Image: A simplified illustration of the AMOC, or global “conveyor …

Have you ever noticed it's hotter in a city than in the countryside? That's not your imagination — it's a real thing called the urban heat island effect. But some people claim this means global warming isn't real, that we're just measuring hot pavement instead of an actual warming planet. It may sound convincing at first, but the evidence doesn’t …

Scientists are sounding the alarm about a gray whale crisis up and down the Pacific Coast. The culprits are well documented — and offshore wind isn't one of them. San Francisco Bay is famous for its Golden Gate Bridge, its ferries, and its busy ports. But lately, locals have been noticing something new in those waters: gray whales. Huge, barnacle-covered, …

I spend way too much time on social media platforms. I often come across various forms of propaganda and disinformation, especially about climate change and renewable. Bots create some of these posts. Bad actors funded by billionaires and dirty energy produce others, and some come from people who genuinely can’t distinguish between science and propaganda. The Early Days of Propaganda …

Scientists like Daniel Swain are studying something called megafloods, which are really, really big floods that can last for weeks and cover large parts of a region with water. These aren’t normal floods from a thunderstorm — they’re massive events caused by long periods of extreme rain and storms. I decided to write about this after three powerful storms recently …

If Earth had a detective story, carbon dioxide would be one of the biggest clues. Scientists know the amount of CO₂ in the air is rising—but the big question is why. Is it volcanoes? The ocean? Natural changes? Or is it us? It turns out carbon leaves behind a kind of fingerprint. By studying tiny differences inside carbon atoms, scientists …

2025 was the third-warmest year ever recorded on Earth, according to Berkeley Earth. Only 2024 and 2023 were hotter. We’re emitting more CO2 every year, so why wasn't last year this year even warmer? Even though Earth is warming over the long run, not every single year will be warmer than the one before it. That’s because natural climate patterns, …

Part Three In Part One, we explored how scientists measure climate change right here on Earth’s surface.In Part Two, we looked at how satellites in space track changes across the whole planet. Now comes Part Three—one of the coolest parts of climate science: How scientists learn about Earth’s climate long before thermometers and satellites existed. So how do we know …

In Part One of this series, we learned how scientists measure climate change right here on Earth’s surface—using weather stations, ocean tools, and field surveys. In Part Two, we zoom out to space. Satellites help scientists see the whole planet. Together with ground measurements, they let scientists spot small changes up close and big patterns around the world. Think of …

Part One Many people wonder how scientists can be so sure Earth’s climate is changing. After all, our planet is huge, and the weather changes every day. A cold day or a big storm can make climate change feel confusing. The answer is simple: scientists don’t rely on just one piece of evidence or a single tool. Instead, they look …

Some people who reject climate science claim satellites are the “real truth-tellers” when it comes to Earth’s temperature. But here’s the kicker: satellites don’t actually measure temperature at the surface where we live—they measure microwave radiation coming from oxygen molecules way up in the atmosphere. That data has to be modeled and pieced together like a giant puzzle. Ground thermometers, …

You've probably seen headlines saying that green hydrogen is the next energy savior. Some even say it could help us fight climate change and keep our lights on. But before we celebrate, let’s put it under a microscope. Hydrogen Really Isn't a Fuel Source A lot of articles call hydrogen an “energy source.” But that’s not exactly true. Hydrogen doesn’t …

The current Administration wants to make big changes to NASA—shutting down our eyes on the Earth and beyond. They also want to stop the Agency from working on future science projects, especially those studying Earth and climate. Instead, their plan focuses on a smaller, “leaner” space agency that would send the first American astronaut to Mars. But scientists say this …

Every year, Earth’s temperature changes a little. Sometimes it gets hotter, and sometimes cooler. Scientists track this closely to understand how our climate is changing. But it’s not just about climate change. Natural patterns in the ocean also affect short-term global temperatures. Two of the biggest ones are called El Niño and La Niña. These are part of a system …

For elementary school students I had lunch with a friend of mine yesterday, and she told me how many people she's met who don't understand or remember photosynthesis. Many adults vaguely remember hearing the word, but not how it works or why it matters. I don't know about you, but I first learned about it back in elementary school. No …

Did you know that most of our planet is underwater? The ocean covers more than 70% of Earth’s surface, yet we’ve explored less of it than the surface of the Mars! From glow-in-the-dark creatures to underwater mountains taller than anything on land, the ocean is packed with life and continued surprises. In this blog, we’ll dive into some of the …

Fake graphs pop up on social media all the time. And if graphs confuse you, you’re not alone—I’ve felt that way too! With all the lines, numbers, and labels, they can seem boring, messy, or even like they’re trying to trick you. But once you learn how to read them, graphs actually make things easier. They’re like a shortcut to …

Scientific consensus is when most scientists agree on something after looking at a lot of evidence and doing many studies. Think of it like this: if 100 doctors all study the same illness and 97 of them say, “Yep, we’ve tested this, and this is what we’ve found,” then we say there’s a consensus—a strong agreement—on that topic. But it’s …

People laughed (and still are) at Al Gore over his film, “An Inconvenient Truth”. The planet’s not laughing. I’m frankly tired of the lie that Al Gore’s predictions from his film were all wrong. Yeah, he got a couple of things wrong, especially the timing. But the science behind what he said?  Still very real—and in some cases, it’s even …

Let's Call a Spade a Spade! I'm back, busting yet another myth about climate change! Ever heard of the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI)? It’s a “think tank” (a group that shares ideas) that doesn’t believe humans are causing climate change. Sounds wild, right? Even more interesting, they’ve gotten money from groups that don’t like environmental rules, like the Charles Koch …