Climate
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The Simplest Way to Add Solar to Your Home
By Holly Shaftel, contributing writer I’ve been a proud of solar panels since 2021. They significantly decreased my electricity bills to $11 per month, and it feels good to do my small part to help combat climate change. Then one day our bills started climbing again. I began wondering if something fishy was happening behind the scenes and to consider getting more solar. Unfortunately, it’s not in the cards for me financially. Next thing I know, “plug-in solar” — also called “plug-and-play” and “balcony solar” — came on my radar. Already common in several European countries, particularly Germany, and legal in Utah, this option works for people who rent, who can’t…
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Red Flag Warning: Why Wildfires Are Everyone’s Problem Now
You’ve probably heard the phrase “red flag warning” lately. It might sound like complicated weather talk — but it’s actually a warning we all need to take seriously. A red flag warning means conditions are perfect for a wildfire to ignite quickly and spread even faster. All it takes is: One spark. That’s it. And suddenly, you have a wildfire. This isn’t just a hypothetical — it’s happening right now, across the country. In Georgia, fires are behaving in extreme ways: racing forward with the wind and hurling embers ahead of the flames, destroying homes and infrastructure in their path. As of April 25, 2026, a dangerous combination of severe…
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Earth’s Energy Imbalance: Why Our Planet Is Heating Up
Have you ever stepped outside on a sunny day (it’s 78 today where I live!) and felt the warmth of the Sun on your skin? That sunlight is energy—and it’s what keeps our planet livable. But here’s the problem: Earth is now taking in more energy than it sends back out to space. Scientists call this an energy imbalance, and it’s the main reason our planet is warming. Scientists have been tracking this imbalance since the late 1980s. But things really improved in 2000, when Terra satellite began collecting detailed data using NASA’s CERES instrument. That mission gave us the first long-term, high-accuracy global record of Earth’s energy imbalance. How…
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California’s Next Megaflood May Be Closer Than You Think
Scientists like Daniel Swain are studying something called megafloods, which are really, really big floods that can last for weeks and cover large parts of a region with water. These aren’t normal floods from a thunderstorm — they’re massive events caused by long periods of extreme rain and storms. I decided to write about this after three powerful storms recently slammed parts of California. Some neighborhoods in Los Angeles even flooded. I went to college in LA and lived there from 2002 to 2022. In all those years, I never saw fires and floods like the ones we’re seeing now. The weather feels different — more intense, more extreme. It…
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Big Changes Are Happening in a Very Salty Part of the Ocean
Scientists found that part of the southern Indian Ocean, the water off the west coast of Australia, is losing a lot of salt much faster than expected. Normally this area is one of the saltiest parts of the ocean, but now it’s getting fresher (less salty) very quickly — and that seems to be connected to climate change. You might ask, “Who cares?” Why Salt Matters in the Ocean Salt changes how heavy water is. This sinking and rising movement helps power giant ocean currents — sometimes called the ocean’s “conveyor belt.” These currents move heat and nutrients all around the planet. But now, research shows the salty region in…
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African Penguins: Cute, Unique, and Critically Endangered
Did you know there are penguins in Africa? It surprises a lot of people—but it’s true! African penguins live along the coasts of South Africa and Namibia. And right now, these tuxedo-wearing birds are fighting for their lives. African penguins are facing a serious food crisis. Scientists and wildlife experts say many of them are starving because they simply can’t find enough fish to eat. This isn’t just a bad year—it’s part of a long-term problem that has pushed African penguins to the edge of extinction. In fact, African penguins are now listed as critically endangered, which means they could disappear forever if things don’t change soon. What Do African…
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AI Has a Climate Problem. Here’s a Smarter Way Forward.
By Holly Shaftel, contributing writer Did you know that every time you Google something or give ChatGPT a command, it creates greenhouse (heat-trapping) emissions and uses a lot of water? The internet uses a lot of energy globally. If you look at the rapid growth of artificial intelligence* (AI) in particular, its data centers (“servers”) use about 1.5% of the world’s electricity. This demand is growing about 12% per year, according to the International Energy Agency. Data center energy use could double by 2030! “AI is an incredibly transformative technology that is here to stay,” said Phillip Thomas, a mechanical engineer in the power electronics** industry, with a focus on…
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N2O – The Greenhouse Gas No One Talks About (But Should)
When people talk about climate change, two gases usually steal the spotlight: carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄). But there’s another greenhouse gas quietly heating up the planet—nitrous oxide (N₂O)—and most people hardly ever hear about it. I live in one of the most diverse and vibrant agricultural regions in the state. Here, winegrapes, olive trees, berries, and vegetables grow side by side, set against rolling green hills—at least in the winter. Farming is part of everyday life here. And that’s exactly why nitrous oxide matters so much. It’s closely tied to how we grow food, and even though it’s often overlooked, it packs a powerful climate punch. What Is…
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Is the World Running Out of Fresh Water?
A new report from the United Nations (UN) warns that the world is running out of fresh water. The UN says we’ve entered a time called “water bankruptcy,” which means many places are under extreme water stress. Water stress happens when a community is using almost all the water it has—so there’s very little left to share. This often happens because water isn’t managed well, and climate change makes things worse by bringing longer droughts and less predictable rainfall. Many Big Cities Are Running Out of Fresh Water New research shows that about half of the world’s 100 biggest cities are running out of fresh water. That means places where…
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The CO₂ Fingerprint: Proving Where Extra Carbon Comes From
If Earth had a detective story, carbon dioxide would be one of the biggest clues. Scientists know the amount of CO₂ in the air is rising—but the big question is why. Is it volcanoes? The ocean? Natural changes? Or is it us? It turns out carbon leaves behind a kind of fingerprint. By studying tiny differences inside carbon atoms, scientists can tell where that carbon came from. When they looked closely at the CO₂ building up in the atmosphere, the evidence pointed clearly in one direction: human activities, especially burning coal, oil, and gas. This carbon clue is called the Suess Effect, and it helps explain how scientists know the…
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Why Last Year Wasn’t the Warmest On Record
2025 was the third-warmest year ever recorded on Earth, according to Berkeley Earth. Only 2024 and 2023 were hotter. We’re emitting more CO2 every year, so why wasn’t last year this year even warmer? Even though Earth is warming over the long run, not every single year will be warmer than the one before it. That’s because natural climate patterns, like El Niño and La Niña, can give the planet little “boosts” or “breaks” from heat for a year or two. Right now, we’re experiencing La Niña conditions. Here’s an easy way to think about it: El Niño = temporary warming boost During an El Niño, the trade winds relax,…
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How We Know What Earth’s Climate Was Like Long Ago
Part Three In Part One, we explored how scientists measure climate change right here on Earth’s surface.In Part Two, we looked at how satellites in space track changes across the whole planet. Now comes Part Three—one of the coolest parts of climate science: How scientists learn about Earth’s climate long before thermometers and satellites existed. So how do we know what Earth’s climate was like hundreds, thousands, or even millions of years ago? The answer: Earth keeps records of its own past. Scientists call this paleoclimate data—natural clues that reveal what the climate used to be like. Ice Cores: Climate Time Capsules One of the most powerful climate records comes…
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Eyes in the Sky: How Satellites Track Earth’s Changing Climate
In Part One of this series, we learned how scientists measure climate change right here on Earth’s surface—using weather stations, ocean tools, and field surveys. In Part Two, we zoom out to space. Satellites help scientists see the whole planet. Together with ground measurements, they let scientists spot small changes up close and big patterns around the world. Think of satellites and aircraft as super-smart Earth cameras, orbiting the planet 24/7 and checking Earth’s vital signs. Here’s how they do it. They Measure Earth’s Temperature Satellites also measure temperature—but not with thermometers. Instead, they measure the energy (brightness) coming from Earth’s surface and atmosphere. Scientists use computer models to turn…
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How Do We Know That Earth’s Climate Is Changing?
Part One Many people wonder how scientists can be so sure Earth’s climate is changing. After all, our planet is huge, and the weather changes every day. A cold day or a big storm can make climate change feel confusing. The answer is simple: scientists don’t rely on just one piece of evidence or a single tool. Instead, they look at the big picture. They use many different kinds of measurements, collected in different ways, over long periods of time. All of these clues point to the same conclusion. Scientists know Earth’s climate is changing in three main ways. They measure temperatures, rainfall, and sea level right here on Earth’s…
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The Big Thaw: What’s Happening to Earth’s Ice Right Now
Earth’s ice might seem far away—at the top of the world or high on a mountain—but it quietly helps keep Earth livable. Frozen oceans reflect sunlight, glaciers store freshwater, and icy ground holds ancient carbon in place. Together, these frozen parts of our planet are called the cryosphere, and they act like Earth’s natural air conditioner. As 2025 comes to an end, scientists are taking a hard look at how that system is doing. The answer is sobering. From shrinking sea ice at the poles to retreating glaciers and thawing permafrost, Earth’s ice is changing faster than expected. What’s happening in these frozen places doesn’t stay there—it affects sea level,…
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A Planet Under Pressure: Global Emissions in 2025
As 2025 wraps up (even though it feels like it just started!), here’s a quick update on global greenhouse gas emissions. Sadly, the news isn’t great—our three biggest heat-trapping gases are still risi Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions CO₂ is one of the main greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases act like a blanket around Earth, trapping heat. We need some of them to keep the planet warm enough for life, but too much makes Earth heat up too fast. CO₂ comes from burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. It also comes from wildfires and volcanoes. Scientists have been measuring CO₂ since 1958 at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii.…
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Earth’s Losing Its Shine (And That’s Not Good)
Have you ever noticed how bright our planet looks from space? Earth usually reflects sunlight like a giant blue-and-white mirror. But scientists have discovered something surprising: Earth is losing it’s shine and is actually getting dimmer. What “Getting Dimmer” Means Our planet has a property called albedo, which is the fraction of sunlight that gets bounced back into space. Earth has been losing its shine for decades, reflecting less light back into space—and the amount of light reflected by the Northern Hemisphere is decreasing more quickly than that of the Southern Hemisphere, recent research suggests. For a long time, scientists believed both hemispheres reflected roughly the same amount of light.…
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Why Methane Matters: The Short-Lived Gas with a Big Impact
Since about 2006, methane levels in Earth’s atmosphere have been climbing fast — mostly because of human activities. It is a super-powerful greenhouse gas that traps heat, but it doesn’t last as long in the air as carbon dioxide does. It’s also the second-largest contributor to rising global temperatures after carbon dioxide (CO₂). It’s already added about half a degree Celsius of global warming since the late 1800s. To keep global warming within the limits of the Paris Agreement, we have to cut methane emissions quickly and deeply. Natural sources like wetlands are hard to control, so the biggest opportunity is reducing this human-made (anthropogenic) greenhouse gas — from things…
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The Arctic Is Getting Greener—But That’s Not Good News
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02768-2As our planet heats up, the Arctic is getting greener. I just read an interesting study about how all those new plants—especially shrubs—could be changing what’s going on underground in the frozen soils known as permafrost. For four years, scientists in northern Greenland ran an experiment to see what happens when frozen soil is exposed to air and mixed with dead plant bits, called litter. They were trying to picture what the Arctic might look like as plants keep spreading north. The results were pretty wild: that extra plant material actually changed the DNA of the tiny microbes living in the soil! Those microbes got busier—and hungrier—breaking down old carbon…
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Parenting Climate Disasters, Trauma, and Recovery
Guest Post by Natasha Stavros, Ph.D. Climate disasters, like wildfires, are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change. For parents, this isn’t just about rebuilding homes or replacing toys and other belongings. It’s also about caring for children while managing trauma. Research shows that people who have experienced a climate disaster often suffer Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) at levels similar to those returning from a war zone. What does this mean for parents? My Story: Parenting Through Wildfire Trauma The first time that I evacuated my home because of a wildfire was in 2003. Since then, I’ve evacuated two other times, and twice I’ve watched my communities burn.…
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Blue Whales Are Going Quiet — and That’s a Big Warning
Under the ocean’s surface, there’s an underwater symphony. Blue whales and other marine mammals fill the water with songs and calls, almost like an underwater orchestra. To eavesdrop on this symphony, scientists use special tools called hydrophones — microphones designed to work underwater. In this case, researchers used a hydrophone anchored 3,000 feet below the surface. What Did the Scientists Find? Over six years, researchers from the Monterey Bay Aquarium noticed something troubling along the California Coast. Blue whales and fin whales began singing less often when the ocean got unusually warm. Scientists say the silence is a serious warning. Meanwhile, some whales that eat lots of different things (like…
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Melting Permafrost in Siberia is Creating Explosive Craters
Imagine this: you’re walking across the frozen tundra in Siberia and—whoa—there’s a giant hole in the ground, big enough to swallow a house. No, it’s not a scene from a sci-fi movie. These craters are real, and scientists have been finding more of them over the past decade. The big question: what’s going on? What’s Hiding Under the Ice? Siberia is covered in permafrost, soil that usually stays frozen solid all year long. But, as the planet heats up, permafrost is thawing faster than ever. That’s already causing big problems you can see—like sinkholes opening up, telephone poles leaning, roads and runways cracking, and forests where trees just topple over.…
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The Hidden Climate Impact of Bottom Trawling
As a scuba diver, I’ve seen the wonders of the undersea world—brilliant coral reefs, swaying seagrass meadows, and the incredible creatures that call these places home. That’s why what happens with bottom trawling feels so devastating. Picture this: a huge fishing boat drags a massive, weighted net across the seafloor. It tears through everything in its path, scooping up fish. At the same time, it crushes coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and habitats that have taken centuries to grow. Behind it, clouds of dark mud swirl like an underwater storm. Even stingrays and baby sharks get trapped, with no chance of escape. This method, called bottom trawling, is one of the…
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Hurricane Erin: A Supercharged Storm Fueled by Climate Change
In August, Hurricane Erin tore across the Atlantic Ocean with winds blasting over 160 miles per hour on August 16. Erin didn’t make landfall, but its effects—big waves, riptides, and rough weather—slammed coastal communities. This created dangerous conditions stretching over 1,000 miles of the East Coast. And here’s the kicker: climate change is making those effects worse. Supercharged: Hurricane Erin’s Shocking Rapid Intensification Erin exploded from a Category 1 storm to a monster Category 5 in less than a day—one of the fastest growth spurts ever recorded. Scientists say this kind of rapid jump is happening more often as our planet heats up. Jim Kossin, a former hurricane expert at…
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Caught in a Storm of Extreme Events
In Arizona, the summer heat has turned deadly. Public health officials warn that extreme temperatures in Maricopa County may have already claimed more than 400 lives. Across the ocean, Southern Europe is also in crisis, with heatwaves fueling wildfires—including 152 new blazes in Greece alone. Far to the north, Alaska faced a very different kind of disaster. A lake of rainwater and melting snow burst through a glacial dam near Juneau, unleashing a torrent that pushed the Mendenhall River to its highest level ever recorded. Streets and homes in the city were swallowed by the flood. Recent heavy rains caused sudden flash floods in Pakistan, killing 337 people. Since late…
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Floods: The New Normal?
August 13, 2025 Floods aren’t just breaking records—they’re breaking lives. Picture this: streets turned into raging rivers, rooftops barely peeking above swirling brown water, and rescue boats zigzagging through what used to be quiet neighborhoods. Right now, parts of the Midwest are drowning. Not long ago, New York City’s subways became underground lakes. Last month, Beijing was hammered with a year’s worth of rain in just days, killing 38 people. In Texas, massive floods claimed 119 lives. And now, Tennessee is under siege from rising water—where one family’s life ended in an instant when flood-loosened trees came crashing down on their car. Torrential rains swamped homes and roads across Mexico…
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Beneath the Surface: Hidden Risks of a Warmer World
We’re used to hearing about floods and wildfires, but there’s a great deal of climate change happening beneath the surface. You’ve likely heard about ocean acidification and coral bleaching, but there’s so much more we just can’t see. On a small research boat in Chesapeake Bay, a scientist collected water to study tiny living things called microbes. All around, people were enjoying the beach, unaware that dangerous bacteria called Vibrio were hiding in the water. Vibrio live naturally in oceans and rivers. Some types are harmless and even help the environment by recycling nutrients. But others can make people very sick—with symptoms like stomach cramps, diarrhea, or in rare cases,…
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Vanishing Insects and the Silence of the Forests
Special thanks to Jay Thompson for his contribution to this blog! Vanishing insects are the silent alarm of climate change—one we can’t afford to ignore. Some of my most cherished memories come from forests, such as the rainforests of Borneo, or in Tasmania where I was greeted by a curious pademelon at the entrance of my log cabin. In the Amazon rainforest I watched wild macaw parrots gather at clay licks — a vibrantly colorful and magical sight I wish everyone could experience. In nearly any forest on Earth, the productions of nature saturate our senses: the smell of moist ground and humid air, the sounds of birdsong, of tree…
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La Niña Years—Our “Cool” Years—Are Now Warmer Than El Niño Years
Every year, Earth’s temperature changes a little. Sometimes it gets hotter, and sometimes cooler. Scientists track this closely to understand how our climate is changing. But it’s not just about climate change. Natural patterns in the ocean also affect short-term global temperatures. Two of the biggest ones are called El Niño and La Niña. These are part of a system called the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, or ENSO for short. What Is El Niño? El Niño, Spanish for “little boy” happens every two to seven years when trade winds weaken. Warm water builds up in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, close to South America. This pushes more heat into the…
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Vanishing Clouds, Rising Heat: A Warning from Above
Vanishing clouds? Why should we care? We usually think of clouds as just part of the weather—something that blocks the sun, brings rain, or makes cool shapes in the sky. But did you know that clouds also help protect our planet from getting too hot? A new study shows that certain types of clouds are disappearing, and that’s bad news for our warming world. What’s Happening? Scientists studied 20 years of satellite data to learn how clouds are changing. They found that the thick, low clouds that form over the ocean are shrinking. These clouds are important because they reflect sunlight back into space—kind of like a giant mirror. When…







































